This is an audio model of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium
00:02:01 1 Properties 00:02:10 1.1 Atomic and bodily 00:04:39 1.2 Chemistry and compounds 00:07:20 1.2.1 Organic chemistry 00:08:06 1.3 Isotopes 00:11:12 2 Occurrence 00:11:21 2.1 Astronomical 00:13:25 2.2 Terrestrial 00:17:00 2.3 Biological 00:17:40 3 History 00:22:23 4 Production 00:23:17 4.1 Reserves 00:27:47 4.2 Pricing 00:28:38 4.3 Extraction 00:29:29 4.4 Investment 00:29:59 5 Applications 00:30:08 5.1 Ceramics and glass 00:30:46 5.2 Electrical and electronics 00:31:39 5.3 Lubricating greases 00:32:06 5.4 Metallurgy 00:33:04 5.5 Silicon nano-welding 00:33:23 5.6 Other chemical and industrial makes use of 00:33:33 5.6.1 Pyrotechnics 00:33:49 5.6.2 Air purification 00:34:56 5.6.3 Optics 00:36:05 5.6.4 Organic and polymer chemistry 00:37:02 5.6.5 Military functions 00:37:49 5.7 Nuclear 00:41:06 5.8 Medicine 00:41:42 6 Biological function 00:42:45 7 Precautions 00:43:22 7.1 Regulation 00:44:21 8 See additionally
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SUMMARY ======= Lithium (from Greek: ?????, translit. lithos, lit. ‘stone’) is a chemical ingredient with image Li and atomic quantity 3. It is a gentle, silvery-white alkali metallic. Under commonplace situations, it’s the lightest metallic and the lightest strong ingredient. Like all alkali metals, lithium is very reactive and flammable, and is saved in mineral oil. When reduce, it displays a metallic luster, however moist air corrodes it shortly to a uninteresting silvery grey, then black tarnish. It by no means happens freely in nature, however solely in (normally ionic) compounds, equivalent to pegmatitic minerals which had been as soon as the principle supply of lithium. Due to its solubility as an ion, it’s current in ocean water and is usually obtained from brines. Lithium metallic is remoted electrolytically from a combination of lithium chloride and potassium chloride. The nucleus of the lithium atom verges on instability, because the two secure lithium isotopes present in nature have among the many lowest binding energies per nucleon of all secure nuclides. Because of its relative nuclear instability, lithium is much less widespread within the photo voltaic system than 25 of the primary 32 chemical components regardless that its nuclei are very gentle: it’s an exception to the development that heavier nuclei are much less widespread. For associated causes, lithium has vital makes use of in nuclear physics. The transmutation of lithium atoms to helium in 1932 was the primary totally man-made nuclear response, and lithium deuteride serves as a fusion gasoline in staged thermonuclear weapons.Lithium and its compounds have a number of industrial functions, together with heat-resistant glass and ceramics, lithium grease lubricants, flux components for iron, metal and aluminium manufacturing, lithium batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. These makes use of devour greater than three quarters of lithium manufacturing. Lithium is current in organic methods in hint quantities; its capabilities are unsure. Lithium salts have confirmed to be helpful as a mood-stabilizing drug within the remedy of bipolar dysfunction in people.
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